Thai Hom Mali Rice: The Aromatic Grain That Conquered the World

The pride of Thailand, Thai Hom Mali rice, commonly known as Jasmine Rice, is celebrated both domestically and internationally. Yet, many people might not know the rich history and fascinating journey of this beloved grain.

Thai Hom Mali has consistently taken center stage in global competitions, most recently winning the World’s Best Rice Award 2021 at the World Rice Conference in Dubai—marking its second consecutive win. Over the years, Thailand has secured the top prize seven times out of the 13 editions of the competition, solidifying its reputation for producing world-class rice.

What Makes Thai Hom Mali Special?

Despite its name, Hom Mali (meaning "jasmine fragrance") doesn’t actually carry the scent of jasmine flowers. Instead, the aroma resembles pandan leaves (screwpine). The “jasmine” label refers to the grain’s bright white color, reminiscent of jasmine petals. Two primary varieties—Hom Mali 105 and Kor Khor 15 (RD 15)—are cultivated throughout Thailand, both known for their long, fragrant grains.

Hom Mali rice is cherished for its light, fluffy texture and delicate fragrance when cooked, making it a staple in Thai households. Though other countries in Southeast Asia—such as Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam—also grow fragrant rice, the award-winning Hom Mali variety from northeastern Thailand stands out for its superior quality.

Rooted in History

Rice cultivation in Thailand dates back millennia. Archaeological evidence, such as rice husks found on artifacts from Ban Chiang Archaeological Site in Udon Thani and Non Nok Tha in Khon Kaen, suggests that rice farming has flourished in the region for over 6,000 years. Murals found in Pha Mon Noi in Ubon Ratchathani depict scenes of planting, harvesting, and the use of water buffalo—indicating how deeply ingrained rice is in Thai culture.

Studies by Thai scholars and Japanese researchers show that rice cultivation in the area dates as far back as the 6th Buddhist century (537 B.E.), with glutinous rice initially dominating. However, during the Srivijaya Kingdom, a shift towards Indica rice varieties began, likely influenced by Khmer culture. This transition continued into the Sukhothai period (1238–1438) and has evolved ever since.

The Accidental Discovery of Hom Mali

The story of Hom Mali rice begins with Jaroon Tanthawut, a farmer from Chon Buri, in 1945. While selecting seeds for the next planting season, Jaroon stumbled upon a new variety with long, slender grains, curled tips, and a fragrant aroma. Impressed by its quality, he named it Khao Hom Mali.

By 1951, word of the new variety spread, thanks to Khun Thip, a village headman in Chachoengsao province. He passed the seed to an agriculture officer, who planted it in Lop Buri’s experimental fields. The rice variety eventually made its way to northern and northeastern Thailand, where it flourished.

After years of testing, the Rice Species Consideration Committee officially recognized the variety in 1959, naming it Khao Dawk Mali 105. Farmers in the Thung Kula Ronghai region—an area spanning five provinces in northeastern Thailand—embraced the variety, which soon became the region’s most popular crop.

Challenges and the Road Ahead

As Thailand continues to embrace its rich agricultural heritage, Thai Hom Mali rice will undoubtedly remain a symbol of the nation's culinary excellence. Its unique combination of taste, aroma, and cultural significance ensures its enduring popularity both domestically and internationally.

- This article is adpated from the original copy published on Thai PBS World by the same author